Finality

Please note, the values on the page reflect the time required to achieve ordering finality, at which point transactions cannot be reverted or reordered. For simplicity, they do not include the overhead time to reach L1 finality, which is the same for all projects. The actionable settlement time on the L1 (that affects your ability to withdraw your funds on the L1) for these transactions may be longer. In most other cases, however, this does not apply (e.g., when transferring funds to an exchange). For more information on how finality works for L2 transactions, check our article.

#	Name	TypeType Type of this project. Determines data availability and proof system used. ZK Rollups = Validity Proofs + onchain data Optimistic Rollups = Fraud Proofs + onchain data Validiums = Validity Proofs + offchain data Optimiums = Fraud Proofs + offchain data	DA MODE The type shows whether projects are posting transaction data batches or state diffs to the L1.	Time to finality 30-day avg. The average time it would take for an L2 transaction to be finalized on the L1. Please note, this is an approximate estimation. For simplicity values ignore the overhead time to reach L1 finality after L1 inclusion, which is shared among all projects.	State update delay Time interval between time to finality and state root submission.	Execution delay Time interval between state root submission and state root finalization. For Optimistic Rollups, this usually corresponds to the challenge period, whereas for ZK Rollups, it might be added as a safety precaution.
1	OP Mainnet Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust block Proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Optimistic Rollup This project is based on OP Stack's code base.	Transaction data	50 seconds + L1 Finality 30-day avg. time to finality Average: 50 seconds + L1 Finality Maximum: 7 minutes + L1 Finality It’s assumed that transaction data batches are submitted sequentially.	Coming soon	7 days
2	Base Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Optimistic Rollup This project is based on OP Stack's code base.	Transaction data	31 seconds + L1 Finality 30-day avg. time to finality Average: 31 seconds + L1 Finality Maximum: 4 minutes + L1 Finality It’s assumed that transaction data batches are submitted sequentially.	Coming soon	7 days
3	Zora Fraud proof system is currently under development. Users need to trust the block proposer to submit correct L1 state roots.	Optimistic Rollup This project is based on OP Stack's code base.	Transaction data	4 minutes + L1 Finality 30-day avg. time to finality Average: 4 minutes + L1 Finality Maximum: 22 minutes + L1 Finality It’s assumed that transaction data batches are submitted sequentially.	Coming soon	7 days
4	Kroma	Optimistic Rollup This project is based on OP Stack's code base.	Transaction data	6 minutes + L1 Finality 30-day avg. time to finality Average: 6 minutes + L1 Finality Maximum: 1 hour + L1 Finality It’s assumed that transaction data batches are submitted sequentially.	Coming soon	7 days

Want to learn more about the different approaches to upgradeability?Check our report

About L2BEAT

L2BEAT is a public goods company dedicated to providing on-chain transparency.

What sets L2BEAT apart is our unwavering commitment to delivering accurate and reliable information. We strive to be an impartial and independent watchdog that acts in the best interest of users and the broader ecosystem while always remaining credibly neutral and faithful to reality and facts. We deliver data and tools that allow our community to educate themselves, transact securely, and make well-informed decisions.

This approach has earned us recognition and a solid reputation in the industry, garnering praise from the global Ethereum community and making our voice highly valued by numerous organizations and institutions. We are unafraid of being vocal and opinionated when our values are at stake.

Our work spans a wide range of areas, including:

Research and analysis of public protocols, including L2s and bridges,
Participation in protocol governance and security councils,
Development of transparency solutions like explorers,
Monitoring of smart contract upgrades,
Operation of nodes, and validators,
Publication of research reports,
Organization of conferences.

We receive generous funding from various public goods organizations, such as Gitcoin and the Ethereum Foundation, as well as from various private donors and investors. Additionally, we collaborate closely with leading companies in the space by accepting grants for specific projects.

You most likely have a lot of questions. We have created the Frequently Asked Questions page just for you.